Penalty in the pay packet for being overweight?

It is often said that where the US leads the UK follows, but a disturbing trend has just hit overweight workers in the state of Alabama. It sometimes seems that the US produces more than its share of fanatics in all areas. I am not a smoker, or in favour of it on health grounds, but I also believe in the right to choose and reports of people having cigarettes struck out of their mouths or being unable to smoke anywhere just don’t sit right with me. There has been moves to curtail health services for people who are overweight, and I understand the logic but the US state of Alabama is taking it to a whole new level. Alabama already charges workers who smoke — and has seen some success in getting them to quit, but now are turning their attention to overweight workers. The state currently ranks second in national obesity rankings partly from a fondness for by deep-fried Southern food favorites and a high consumption of sugary drinks and foods. Currently they get free health insurance as part of their job, but unless they agree to free health screenings to show up health problems, and then adopt measures to improve them, they will have to pay a $25 monthly insurance fee from their salaries.

If the screenings turn up serious problems with blood pressure, cholesterol, glucose or obesity, employees will have a year to see a doctor at no cost, enroll in a wellness program, or take steps on their own to improve their health. If they show progress in a follow-up screening, they won’t be charged. But if they don’t, they must pay.

As we already have a free health service, there isn’t the same incentive to adopt such drastic measures here – but some form of restriction of service for those who persistently abuse their bodies through food, alcohol or drugs is not that unlikely, and is informally in place in some hospitals already.

OJ – Not for women?

This is OJ as in juice, not as in Simpson, because starting the day with a glass of orange juice is seen as healthy habit, high in vitamin C and good for you. However, there are some reasons you might want to switch to another juice in the mornings – particularly if you are a woman. Recent research suggests that drinking orange juice frequently may put women at an increased risk of developing type two diabetes – a serious and debilitating disease that becomes progressively more common with age and obesity.

This is yet another study from the US, the home of OJ as they refer to their juice, and was done at Tulane University School of Public Health, in New Orleans. Over 70,000 women enrolled in the study, and dietary and medical records were analysed with these results:

Diabetes risk is LOWERED by 18% if the subjects added three daily servings of whole fruit because this slows down the rapid absorption of the natural sugars found in fruit as the fibres take longer for the stomach to digest. If you add in just one additional serving of leafy green vegetables then the risk was LOWERED AGAIN by 9%

Diabetes risk is INCREASED by 18% if one additional daily serving of orange juice is taken. This is because the natural sugars in juice are absorbed too rapidly in the stomach, causing a surge in blood sugar levels. Since the research was carried out only on women, it is not yet known whether men are at the same risk of getting diabetes if they drink orange juice. BUT, drinking large quantities of neat juice is not something to recommend as you are getting a large sugar load in one hit comes and because it comes in a liquid form it is absorbed rapidly into the body. People are not always aware either, that many types of fruit juices like orange, grapefruit and grape, contain as much sugar per serving as many fizzy drinks. That amount of sugar will help you put on weight, and that is another factor in promoting diabetes.

A couple of suggestions are either to cut your juice with water about 50/50 or switch to apple juice and cranberry juices – real juice, with bits and no added sugar because they have a much better sugar/nutrients ratio than citrus and grape- based juices.

Ayurvedic herb relieves osteoarthritis

It now seems that an Ayurvedic herb known as the ‘Indian Frankincense’ can dramatically improve the symptoms of the most common form of arthritis — osteoarthritis. No surprise to me as I have found all forms of herbal medicine to be effective, whether English, Chinese or Ayurvedic, but what is amazing is that treatment appears to provide relief within just one week.

I discovered this in the journal Arthritis Research & Therapy where scientists from the University of California at Davis published their research conclusions when they tested an extract dubbed AKBA (3-O-acetyl -11-keto-beta-boswellic acid) from the herb Boswellia serrata on 70 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. Boswellia is the gummy resin of the boswellia tree, which is native to India, and used for centuries by Ayurvedic doctors as it contains anti-inflammatory terpenoids called boswellic acids. Boswellia is often included in arthritis remedies, and has been used for thousands of years by Ayurvedic practitioners.

The research subjects were suffering from pain, limited movement, stiffness and other symptoms of osteoarthritis, which most commonly affects weight- bearing joints like knees and hips, as well as the hands, wrists, feet and spine. Symptoms were relieved in about seven days in this study — which is the first to show that an enriched extract of Bowellia serrata be used as a successful treatment in humans. The researchers concluded that its anti-inflammatory properties can be an effective treatment for osteoarthritis of the knee and was shown to have no major adverse effects in osteoarthritis patients and so was safe for human consumption and even for long-term use.

Outsourcing drug trials

Many UK firms, particularly utilities, telecom and the finance industry, went through a period of outsourcing their customer departments to India where there is a vast and skilled workforce who the companies’ jobs done cheaper and faster. Many found that it may have saved money but it hugely increased customer complaints and a sense of being dislocated from their money and accounts, and now it looks as if the pharmaceutical industry in the United States is heading down that same road.

This time the complaints are not about the jobs that are being outsourced, but about the dangers to the health and safety of the Indian workers. It’s all about the development of new drugs, because the cost of bringing a new one to market is, on average, $1 billion. The bulk of that cost is devoted to human clinical trials — the most crucial and time-consuming phase of drug development. Faced with tight regulations at home and shrinking profits due to expiring drug patents, western drug makers are looking to expedite the process by outsourcing safety and efficacy studies to developing countries, a large proportion of them to India. An amendment proposed last year by the technical advisory committee of India’s Health Ministry would further allow drug companies to test their products widely on patients in India before they’re proved safe at home, which is causing alarm bells to ring as drug testing can be a dangerous business for the volunteers.

The UK has had some experience of just how dangerous that can be in 2006, when six men nearly died in a safety trial when given an experimental antibody drug called TGN1412. This was its first human trial, and the drug caused multiple organ failure in all six men. Speedy action on the part of the doctors saved their lives, but the concern is that such experiments could be potentially devastating in a country that lacks the medical infrastructure to care for people harmed by untested drugs. There are currently some 400 clinical trials underway in India, where the business is expected to be worth $1 billion to $1.5 billion by 2010. For western drug companies, it’s a boon: India’s vast pool of qualified, English-speaking doctors and lower labour costs make clinical trials up to 50% to 60% cheaper and it’s not just money the drug companies are saving.

India also offers a crucial savings on time. A drug patent lasts 20 years; during the first seven or eight years of that period, typically, a new drug is tied up in several rounds of human clinical trials. That leaves little time for the drug maker to market and profit from the product. To speed up trials, pharmaceutical companies need to recruit large numbers of subjects quickly, something that is often not possible in western countries, where most patients have health insurance or government benefits and are reluctant to sign up. In India, by contrast, much of the population has no health insurance, and public health services can be widely variable. The promise of getting regular medical attention by enrolling in a trial is often too valuable to pass up so that many patients enter into clinical trials because they have no better option to receiving care.

This is not just a theoretical problem; already, toxic drugs have posed problems. In 2002, a human trial in India, along with 31 other countries, of Novo Nordisk’s diabetes drug ragaglitazar had to be suspended after a trial in mice revealed that the compound caused urinary bladder tumors. In 2003, news circulated that researchers from India-based Sun Pharmaceuticals had given the anticancer drug letrozole to 430 young women to see if it would induce ovulation, despite the fact that the drug is known to be toxic to embryos.

No one wants to deny such a rich source of income to India, but if clinical trials which will affect thousands of patients are not properly monitored and conducted then we could be facing new drugs marketed with too much haste and not enough control.

What happens in the USA is often what happens in the UK a short time later, but I hope this is one trend that does not make it across the Atlantic unless we get some very strong reassurances about the need to outsource a vital component of our healthcare system.

Soy reduces sperm count

With the increased interest in vegetarian and vegan diets a number of young men are turning to alternative foods such as soy, but if you are planning a family it might not be such a good idea. According to a new report in the Journal of Human Reproduction, consumption of even small amounts of soy products can lower a man’s sperm concentration.

Harvard School of Public Health conducted a study and found that the men who ate the most soy had sperm counts far lower than those who reported eating no soy at all. On average, the soy eaters had 41 million fewer sperm per milliliter. The study found that the soy eaters consumed a relatively low amount of 15 soy-based foods including tofu, soy burgers, soy ice cream, soy energy bars, and miso soup — with an average of just one serving of every other day. Now, this may not be significant enough to cause fertility problems, but if you are planning a family then it seems sensible to take every precaution. The study’s lead researcher Jorge Chavarro feels that the evidence is not strong enough one way or the other to deter men from eating soy, but it is known that the isoflavones in soy have long been tied to infertility in animal studies and it seems reasonable to infer they could also affect humans.

The fertile gender difference

When it comes to planning a family, looking at the couple’s diet is often a first step but this usually comes down to having a balanced, healthy diet of lots of fruit and vegetables and with minimum potential risks such as additives, fats, alcohol and smoking. However, some preliminary research from Australia seems to indicate that there may be a different factor to consider when looking at fertility and reproductive success.

This research is based on long-term studies on Australian black field crickets, so no tests on humans yet, but its finding could be highly relevant. Lead researcher Rob Brooks and his team have discovered that the lifespan of both male and female crickets is maximized on high-carbohydrate, low-protein diets, and reported this finding in the latest issue of Current Biology. But the interesting fact to emerge is that reproductive success differs dramatically between the sexes when the carbohydrate-protein balance is changed. Males have the greatest reproductive success with a diet that favours carbohydrates to protein by eight-to-one. Females have greatest success when the protein/carbohydrate ratio is just one-to-one.

More research is clearly needed, but to maximise fertility in the meantime, the best course is to follow the anti-inflammatory or wellness diet. This is based on principles that have been shown to promote longevity and reproductive health in both men and women throughout their lives, and if you would like a copy of it please contact us.

Zap that verruca

In and out of swimming pools or public showers? An unfortunateside effect can be the development of a verruca, and if you don’t want to wear jelly shoes – or it’s too late – then you might be interested in a new product to treat the problem.

The ingredient most favoured for treating a verruca is salicylic acid, but so far this is not been available in an over the counter product that you can pop into the chemist and buy for yourself. The next most favoured method is to freeze it, also used for warts, and one enterprising company has introduced a product called Bazuka Sub-Zero which allows the user to see when the foam applicator is frozen and direct the treatment quickly and accurately on to the wart or verruca.

Why is this a breakthrough?
Because some freezing treatment formats are hard to target directly at the verruca and wart and can cause damage to the surrounding nerve endings as the freezing treatment hits other skin areas. This is backed up by research taken from the data of doctors and chiropodists, who expressed this concern and said they had seen patients where damage, especially to nerve endings, had occurred.

It’s just one application, and it freezes the wart or verruca to the core. After 10 days or so, the treated wart or verruca will fall off revealing new skin that has formed. Apparently it is easy to use, allowing the user to actually see when the applicator is clearly frozen and ready to apply.

If you want to find it, apparently it is available from pharmacies, Superdrug and Morrisons supermarkets and costs £12.95.

Magnetic help for cancer

Any fans of the late Tommy Cooper out there? Well, a new scientific development would certainly have caused those famous eyebrows to wiggle. Instead of levitating a human, scientists seem to have found a way to levitate cancer cells. Magicians never reveal their tricks, but scientists like to share, so before we cry Abracadabra, just how is it done?

It’s not done with mirrors, but with magnets apparently. By binding magnetic nanoparticles (very tiny particles of materials which can occur naturally, or be manufactured, so that they are smaller than normal – usually sized between 1 and 100 nanometers) to cancer cells. Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology in the USA took human ovarian cancer cells and made the cancerous cells rise to the skin surface by simply passing a magnet over them.

It may seem like magic, but the trick lies in the nanoparticles. The particles are ten nanometers or less in size and have traces of cobalt inside a ball of magnetite. Those metallic pieces are attached to a protein that only binds to a specific protein found on the surface of ovarian cancer cells. The researchers injected the nanoparticles, which also contained a colored dye, into mice with human ovarian cancer cells. The nanoparticles circulated though the mouse’s body and attached themselves to the cancer cells.

Then the researchers applied a magnet to the stomach of the mice and the cells rose and colored the skin of the mice. The researchers focused on ovarian cancer initially because of their previous research. However, they note that the nanoparticles were originally developed to bind to viruses, and depending on the protein being used, could also bind to proteins on the surface of other cancer cells, bacteria, and viruses.

It’s not ready to use yet however, as before any potential therapy can be applied to real human patients, the nanoparticles will have to pass clinical trials. The Georgia Tech scientists hope to begin two separate clinical trials within the year and their method would be to bring the cancer cells to the nanoparticles. By taking the blood and fluids out of the body and running them through a machine the nanoparticles would act like a filter, grabbing hold of any cancer cells that pass next to them while the healthy fluids pass back into the body. This way the nanoparticles never enter the body, decreasing the chances of any adverse reaction. The research could be used to identify and remove cancer cells, as well as bacteria and viruses, as in principle this technique could be applied to any pathogen that is found in the blood stream according to John McDonald, coauthor of the paper that appeared in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.

Write away the weight – double your weight loss

Those of you who have ever been to one of my talks know how important I think it is to have a daily writing habit. Statistically, those who keep a daily journal have better emotional and mental health and it has become a favourite tool for self-help in hospitals and support groups. Now it seems it can also help you to almost double your weight loss.

A recent study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine reported on a 20 week study of 1,700 overweight or obese men and women who went through a comprehensive regime weekly group meetings, recommended daily reduction of 500 calories, 30 or more minutes of daily moderate intensity exercise, following the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), and daily journal entries of how much they ate and how long they exercised. Generally, their average weight loss was just under a stone, but the more that they wrote in their journals, the more weight they lost – about twice as much as those who did not maintain records.

The idea is a simple one: by keeping a simple food diary, you realistically become more aware of how much you are eating and that helps you take control of your diet. It doesn’t matter whether you record in a book, or a computer – just make sure you enter every mouthful from the one chocolate biscuit to the sensible salad you had for lunch. Personally, I also think it helps to write a ‘mood’ section as well to show how your feel after particular foods or whether a specific mood or habit jogs you towards unhealthy eating. Whatever method you choose, just be consistent with it and you will soon see results.

Stem cells created for 10 genetic disorders

It was reported back in November 2007 last year that research teams in Wisconsin and Japan had reprogrammed skin cells, and that the cells had behaved like stem cells in a series of lab tests. This new technique could lead to treatments for diseases including Parkinson’s and more developments keep coming in.

Just last week, Harvard team of scientists said they had reprogrammed skin cells from two elderly patients with ALS, (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) a degenerative motor neuron disease, and grew the reprogrammed skin cells into nerve cells.

Now, scientists at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute in the USA say they have created stems cells for 10 genetic disorders, which will allow researchers to watch the diseases develop in a lab dish and watch what goes right, and wrong. This early step, using a new technique, could help speed up efforts to find treatments for some of the most confounding ailments and was reported online Thursday in the journal Cell.

Dr. George Daley and his colleagues used ordinary skin cells and bone marrow from people with a variety of diseases, including Parkinson’s, Huntington’s and Down syndrome to produce the stem cells. Like the previous research, this technique reprogrammed the cells, giving them the chameleon-like qualities of embryonic stem cells, which can morph into all kinds of tissue, such as heart, nerve and brain. As with embryonic stem cells, the hope is to speed medical research into the degenerative diseases for which there are currently no good treatments and, more importantly, no good animal models for the most part in studying them.

Next Page »